tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3891434218564545511.post599361347555935559..comments2024-03-28T19:56:42.305-05:00Comments on Alexander Pruss's Blog: The Weak Weak Principle of Sufficient ReasonAlexander R Prusshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05989277655934827117noreply@blogger.comBlogger19125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3891434218564545511.post-3652057191131573512021-10-23T21:37:43.074-05:002021-10-23T21:37:43.074-05:00"Nec explains at least one contingent truth i..."Nec explains at least one contingent truth in every world."<br />No.it only can explain one or more in some world, not necessarily all and in others the skydaddy is passive, explaining nothing, assuming s5. swaggerswaggmannhttps://www.blogger.com/profile/16452871878835259394noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3891434218564545511.post-27636327907496225112021-06-12T18:43:45.682-05:002021-06-12T18:43:45.682-05:00Seems very vulnerable to a simple symmetric attack...Seems very vulnerable to a simple symmetric attack.<br />There is a world where there is no explanation, so no necessary cause is this world, so no necessary cause in any world.swaggerswaggmannhttps://www.blogger.com/profile/16452871878835259394noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3891434218564545511.post-80560486332231203842016-05-09T20:20:07.404-05:002016-05-09T20:20:07.404-05:00Just to share the results of some work on the subj...Just to share the results of some work on the subject, not to start a conversation.<br /><br />For visual types, the case can be easily seen using two possible worlds: <br /><br />W-PSR: For any proposition, p, and any world, w, if p is in w’s Big Conjunctive Fact, then there is some possible world, w1, and proposition, q, such that w1’s Big Conjunctive Fact contains p and q and the proposition that q explains p.<br /><br />Theist's world Wt (w1):<br /><br />BCFt = BCCFt + BCNFt<br />BCCFt = BCCFr + q1 = pt = p1<br />BCNFt = BCNFr + N1<br /><br />q1 = free creative decision by NB, necessary and sufficient, in conjunction with N1, to explain pt.<br />N1 = Necessary Being (NB) exists.<br /><br />Atheist's world Wa (w):<br /><br />BCFa = BCCFa + BCNFa<br />BCCFa = BCCFr + ¬q1 = pa<br />BCNFa = BCNFr + ¬N1<br /><br />It is evident that pa is not explainable in ANY possible world, defined as a maximal, compossible conjunction of abstract propositions, since, due to the requirement of maximality, it contains ¬q1, which is incompatible with the explanatory proposition q1. Therefore an atheist must deny W-PSR. Now, since an atheist holds pa as a contingent truth, and it is impossible that pa has an explanation, then an atheist must hold that there are contingent truths that cannot possibly have an explanation, and consequently that W-PSR cannot possibly be true. Thus an atheist must deny WW-PSR as well.<br /><br />BTW, from the above and the beginning of the chain of reasoning at the end of your "Ex Nihilo Nihil Fit" paper, it can be easily seen that an atheist must also deny the weaker version of Brouwer axiom "If p holds contingently, then it is possible for p to be both possible and false." At least, he must deny its applicability to any proposition involving the explanation of a world's BCCF or the negation of that explanation.<br /><br />http://alexanderpruss.com/papers/ENNFtalk.html<br /><br />"For suppose that the PSR is in fact false. Let p be a contingent proposition, then, which has no explanation. Let q be the proposition that p holds and has no explanation. Since p is contingent, so is q. Thus, there is a possible world w at which q is false. Let us transport ourselves to that world. In that world, the proposition q is false, <b>but it is still going to be possible. (This uses the Brouwer axiom which is weaker than S5.</b>"<br /><br />Relating this passage to Wa above:<br /><br />p = BCCFr<br />q = BCCFr AND ¬q1<br />¬q = ¬BCCFr OR q1<br /><br />Therefore there are 3 possible worlds at which q is false, i.e. ¬q is true:<br /><br />¬BCCFr, q1 = WG = God, no universe. Explained by a free divine decision not to create.<br />In WG q is not possible, since contingent beings can exist only by a free divine decision to create them.<br /><br />¬BCCFr, ¬q1 = W0 = no God, no universe. Quite self-explanatory.<br />In W0 q is repugnant to reason, since the universe would arise spontaneously out of true nothing (not quantum void).<br /><br />BCCFr, q1 = Wt = God, universe. Explained by a free divine decision to create.<br />In Wt q is not possible for the same reason than in WG.<br />Johanneshttps://www.blogger.com/profile/05371418313799513738noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3891434218564545511.post-32329810657216588692014-05-27T18:44:00.627-05:002014-05-27T18:44:00.627-05:00I'd argue that we should first consider why we...I'd argue that we should first consider why we have this network of causation in the universe. It seems abundantly clear that the answer is: natural law. So it's not unreasonable to assume causation is contingent upon the natural law of the universe (so we can infer that we have the "uncaused *contingent* states of affairs" you spoke of). Under that assumption, there is no reason to assume that the "cause of causation" needs a cause. <br /><br />To insist that the intra-universe causation implies the universe is caused would be bordering on a fallacy of composition. Of course, you can assume that causation is a metaphysical necessity, but I don't see what grounds you'd have for doing so.Unknownhttps://www.blogger.com/profile/13033921375711591512noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3891434218564545511.post-73879680457285058672014-05-27T15:38:02.044-05:002014-05-27T15:38:02.044-05:00This comment has been removed by the author.Unknownhttps://www.blogger.com/profile/13033921375711591512noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3891434218564545511.post-31028179474163652712014-05-27T14:11:13.169-05:002014-05-27T14:11:13.169-05:00We only have good reason to think there are no unc...We only have good reason to think there are no uncaused *contingent* states of affairs. We know of a lot of states of affairs, such as two plus two being four, that seem to have no cause.<br /><br />And so no regress is generated.Alexander R Prusshttps://www.blogger.com/profile/05989277655934827117noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3891434218564545511.post-39140567745886121642014-05-27T14:09:16.017-05:002014-05-27T14:09:16.017-05:00I agree we have good reason to think there are no ...I agree we have good reason to think there are no uncaused states of affairs. But this intuition leads to the conclusion there is an infinite chain of causes. Unless we are willing to accept that, we have to start making assumptions that do not match intuition. One such assumption is that brute contingent facts are metaphysically possible. Alternatively, we may assume the PSR is true. Either assumption leads to a coherent ontology. Unknownhttps://www.blogger.com/profile/13033921375711591512noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3891434218564545511.post-29698369934978994122014-05-27T12:50:48.096-05:002014-05-27T12:50:48.096-05:00In every valid argument, the conjunction of the pr...In every valid argument, the conjunction of the premises logically entails the conclusion. That doesn't make every valid argument useless.<br /><br />It seems we have good reason to think there aren't any uncaused states of affairs, given our lack of experience o them.Alexander R Prusshttps://www.blogger.com/profile/05989277655934827117noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3891434218564545511.post-88968879964432053062014-05-27T12:24:31.530-05:002014-05-27T12:24:31.530-05:00Regarding 1: this seems vacuous. All we can conclu...Regarding 1: this seems vacuous. All we can conclude is WPSR iff PSR. All I see is a setup to try and trick someone into accepting the PSR by disingenuously suggesting they accept the WPSR. <br />2. No it doesn't, because we have no experience with uncaused states of affairs, which means we have no justification to assume such things have a reason. Unknownhttps://www.blogger.com/profile/13033921375711591512noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3891434218564545511.post-24372672658151992292014-05-26T22:34:45.827-05:002014-05-26T22:34:45.827-05:001. Yes, WPSR implies PSR. But maybe that's no...1. Yes, WPSR implies PSR. But maybe that's not an objection to WPSR, but a reason to accept PSR.<br /><br />2. If our intuitions are driven by thinking about causation, then we have an intuition that every contingent state of affairs has a cause. It follows a fortiori that every contingent state of affairs has a reason.Alexander R Prusshttps://www.blogger.com/profile/05989277655934827117noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3891434218564545511.post-18164601969811742102014-05-26T21:09:42.695-05:002014-05-26T21:09:42.695-05:00I have an objection to your statement:
“Whereas t...I have an objection to your statement:<br /><br />“Whereas the atheistic opponents could have been justified in not granting PSR to traditional cosmological arguers, it would seem unreasonable for them not to grant us W-PSR.”<br /><br />Which appears here: https://bearspace.baylor.edu/Alexander_Pruss/www/papers/NewCosmo.html<br /><br /><b>Objection:</b> WPSR implies the PSR <br />Consider proposition A: <i>(Possibly x) & (x does not exist)</i><br />What reason can possibly be cited for proposition A being true? The only answer I can imagine is:<br />Proposition B:<i> In a world in which A is true, none of the possible reasons for x obtain. </i><br /><br />However, B is only true if the PSR is true and at the point one is considering the WPSR, one should be open to the truth or falsehood of the PSR. If the PSR is false, then brute contingent facts possibly exist. If x is a brute contingent fact in any possible world, than proposition A necessarily has no reason, and the WPSR is false.<br /> <br />If you don't mind, I'd also like your reaction to my objection to an intuitive argument for the PSR.<br /><br /><b>Objection:</b> All causes are reasons, but not all reasons are causes. <br /><br />My contention: acceptance of the PSR based on intuition is grounded in causation. <br /><br />Everything in the world of experience has a cause, and the cause of x can be considered the reason for x (i.e. all causes are reasons). However the term “reason” is broader than the term “cause” (i.e. not all reasons are causes), but there is no basis for assuming the broader term (there is a reason) is true just because the narrower term (there is a cause) is true. <br /><br /><b>Conclusion:</b> an argument for the PSR based on intuition should fail (and if it succeeds in convincing someone, they have been tricked with semantics). We are, in fact, only justified in assuming there are reasons for contingent things that have been caused, and are not justified (by <b>this</b> argument, at least) in assuming brute contingent facts necessarily do not exist.<br />Unknownhttps://www.blogger.com/profile/13033921375711591512noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3891434218564545511.post-85993548708771642212014-05-26T21:03:20.035-05:002014-05-26T21:03:20.035-05:00This comment has been removed by the author.Unknownhttps://www.blogger.com/profile/13033921375711591512noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3891434218564545511.post-68643060991044378792011-05-20T18:13:12.350-05:002011-05-20T18:13:12.350-05:00My link should work now.My link should work now.Alexander R Prusshttps://www.blogger.com/profile/05989277655934827117noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3891434218564545511.post-30462593548175862042011-05-20T18:12:36.514-05:002011-05-20T18:12:36.514-05:00David:
Exactly.David:<br /><br />Exactly.Alexander R Prusshttps://www.blogger.com/profile/05989277655934827117noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3891434218564545511.post-23267928129426166792011-05-20T17:32:16.440-05:002011-05-20T17:32:16.440-05:00Let me see if I am getting this right:
If one say...Let me see if I am getting this right:<br /><br />If one says that WPSR is false in the actual world...then they claim the actual BCCF has some p that has no explaining q in any possible world.<br /><br />But there are possible worlds where the BCCF doesn't include that p. So the WWPSR just says that there is some BCCF out there without any lonely p. Correct?David Parkerhttps://www.blogger.com/profile/13714637134009580948noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3891434218564545511.post-21246220216638028732011-05-20T17:17:49.519-05:002011-05-20T17:17:49.519-05:00This comment has been removed by the author.David Parkerhttps://www.blogger.com/profile/13714637134009580948noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3891434218564545511.post-84471694367188341132011-05-20T12:52:19.902-05:002011-05-20T12:52:19.902-05:00Alex,
There was a similar question to the one you...Alex,<br /><br />There was a similar question to the one you take up here that I had to think about a while back when I was thinking about kalam arguments run on other possible worlds. The question I had to think about was how to argue from the existence of a necessary being which is causally responsible for some if not all facts in some other possible world to a necessary being with similar features in the actual world. I'm wondering if the solutions to these questions might be parallel.ryanbhttps://www.blogger.com/profile/08789439648575231732noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3891434218564545511.post-14727771080743476052011-05-20T12:11:55.187-05:002011-05-20T12:11:55.187-05:00See my possible worlds book, especially the sectio...See my possible worlds book, especially the section near the beginning on S5, and the sections near the end on identity.Alexander R Prusshttps://www.blogger.com/profile/05989277655934827117noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3891434218564545511.post-81270674350008455662011-05-20T11:46:48.205-05:002011-05-20T11:46:48.205-05:00Are there any articles I can read that give a defe...Are there any articles I can read that give a defense of S5. I have been hearing a lot about how it is incompatible with actualism, and I would like to hear your take on it.Drewhttps://www.blogger.com/profile/07760732528070189410noreply@blogger.com