Until I came up with this argument, I used to think questions were just requests for answers. But I now think this is harder to defend than I thought. Take the question:
In fact, one can argue even further that (2) isn't actually, though it seems to be, a request for the naming of a naturally stripy non-zebra equine. For the duty not to lie applies to answers to it, too. Thus, rather than (2) being a more perspicuous way to say (1), it is (1) that is the more perspicuous.
Perhaps, instead, the request is this:
I think (3) is a tenable move for the request account of questions. But the account may lead to something controversial. Suppose you incorrectly but justifiably believe that okapis are the only naturally stripy equines. Moreover, you don't know what the word "zebra" means. You are asked (1). You think to yourself: "The question presupposes that there is an answer to it. There is only one kind of naturally stripy equine—it's an okapi. So, whatever the word 'zebra' might mean, given the presupposition, 'An okapi' must be the correct answer." And so you say: "An okapi." But on account (3) of the answer, you are expressing the proposition <An okapi is a naturally stripy equine that is not a zebra>. But how can you express that proposition when you don't possess the concept of a zebra?
I don't think this is insuperable. Maybe it's perfectly fine to assert propositions that you don't grasp. If it is, then we have another argument that "s but I don't believe that s." But at least this is going to be controversial.
Another possibility is that we should instead take (1) to be:
- What naturally stripy equine is not a zebra?
- Please name a naturally stripy equine that is not a zebra.
In fact, one can argue even further that (2) isn't actually, though it seems to be, a request for the naming of a naturally stripy non-zebra equine. For the duty not to lie applies to answers to it, too. Thus, rather than (2) being a more perspicuous way to say (1), it is (1) that is the more perspicuous.
Perhaps, instead, the request is this:
- Please assert a proposition stating what a naturally stripy equine that is not a zebra is.
I think (3) is a tenable move for the request account of questions. But the account may lead to something controversial. Suppose you incorrectly but justifiably believe that okapis are the only naturally stripy equines. Moreover, you don't know what the word "zebra" means. You are asked (1). You think to yourself: "The question presupposes that there is an answer to it. There is only one kind of naturally stripy equine—it's an okapi. So, whatever the word 'zebra' might mean, given the presupposition, 'An okapi' must be the correct answer." And so you say: "An okapi." But on account (3) of the answer, you are expressing the proposition <An okapi is a naturally stripy equine that is not a zebra>. But how can you express that proposition when you don't possess the concept of a zebra?
I don't think this is insuperable. Maybe it's perfectly fine to assert propositions that you don't grasp. If it is, then we have another argument that "s but I don't believe that s." But at least this is going to be controversial.
Another possibility is that we should instead take (1) to be:
- Please assert a proposition stating what entity, considered as a kind, verifies the open formula: 'x is a stripy equine that is not a zebra'.
- The formula you just quoted is verified by an okapi.
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