Wednesday, October 21, 2026

Psychological continuity and my first psychological state

Assume that human psychological states depend on brain states.

On psychological continuity theories of personal identity, if a time t is such that I did not have a psychological state at t, then I did not exist at t. Now consider the first time t1 at which I have a psychological state (for simplicity, I am assuming that the set of times at which I have a psychological state is closed at the bottom; otherwise, the argument gets more complicated). Let ψ1 be that psychological state. I think—this is perhaps a bit controversial, but very intuitive—that whether I have a psychological state at a given time does not depend on what happens after that time. But the brain states that psychological states depend on are, plausibly, unavoidably diachronic.

Since my having ψ1 at t1 cannot depend on how things are after t1, it follows that it must depend on the brain state at and before t1.

At first sight, this looks like an obvious contradiction for the psychological continuity theorist. Since I had no psychological states before t1, I didn’t exist before t1, and so I couldn’t have had any brain state before t1.

But there is a way out. While I couldn’t exist before t1, the brain that is now mine could have. What the psychological continuity theorist can say is that my psychological state at t1 depends largely on the state that this brain had before I came into existence (together with the instantaneous state the brain has at t1, when I do exist). This is somewhat counterintuitive.

Another way out, of course, is to drop the physicalism, and allow for neurally-ungrounded psychological states.

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