Injustice

The following argument is valid:

1. (Premise) If there is no person who is causally responsible for an event E, then E is not an injustice, but at most a misfortune.
2. (Premise) There have been injustices (think of a child's dying after horrible suffering in an earthquake) for which no person was causally responsible by means of natural causal processes (in the sense of "natural" that naturalists talk about).
3. Therefore, some injustices were caused not by means of the natural causal processes of nature. (1 and 2)
4. (Premise) If naturalism holds, then all causal processes are the causal processes of nature.
5. Naturalism is false. (3 and 4)

There are two options in (3): either the injustices were caused by a supernatural person (e.g., a devil) or they were caused by a natural person but through processes that go beyond nature (e.g., Adam and Eve in causing the Fall).

The naturalist will likely deny (2). Thus, then naturalist is going to have to be an irrealist about a significant amount of human experience of the world—for people do experience various evils not that are not naturally caused by human beings as injustices.